miercuri, 25 decembrie 2013

diabetes treatment

diabetes treatment There are two main types of diabetes:

One . Diabetes mellitus type I ( insulin- dependent) , caused by the total absence of insulin secretion due to destruction secreting cells in the pancreas.

Two . Diabetes mellitus type II ( non -insulin diabetes dependent) , consequently reducing tissue sensitivity to insulin deficiency or insulin production .

diabetes

The causes of diabetes and how you prevent
Type I diabetes usually occurs at a young age , by the age of 30 years because of pancreatic insulin-secreting cells destroy themselves . You can do this if you have a genetic disease .

Type II diabetes usually appears in people over 45 years with degree relatives affected by the disease who also have an unhealthy lifestyle . To prevent this disease should be careful if you suffer from obesity, if you are sedentary , if you eat more sweets.

Diabetes can occur associated with other diseases such as hemochromatosis (increased iron in the body) or following treatment with : steroids , oral contraceptives, painkillers , thiazide diuretics .

Pregnant women between 24-28 weeks of pregnancy, gestational diabetes can occur which disappears after birth.

Symptoms of diabetes
Before the onset of clinical symptoms , the only sign that indicates diabetes is high blood glucose levels (over 125 mg / dl) .

In diabetes symptoms appear brutal, possibly in the context of an infection. You can think that you have diabetes if :

- Urinating more often and more than 3 liters per day ( polyuria )
- Drink water very formula of permanent thirsty ( polydipsia )
- Have weakened even eat more ( polyphagia )
- You feel tired
- Of digestive disorders ( nausea, vomiting , abdominal pain )

In severe hyperglycemia can install a state of confusion and even coma followed by death.

The diagnosis of diabetes
In type I diabetes diagnoses are made based on the symptoms described above , highly suggestive of the disease. It is also possible to make a series of laboratory tests which detects antibodies to islet cells or HLA genetic markers .

Discussion with the patient is important in the diagnosis of type II diabetes as this disease commonly occurs in people with a family history . If you are over 45 years of first or second degree relatives with the disease , the chances are very high and you do suffer from diabetes . Also suggestive of this diagnosis are high blood sugar , glycosuria ( glucose in urine) , obesity , dry mouth, wounds heal slowly bleed any scratch , you have sensitivity problems ( numbness , tingling ) , vision problems , pain in the form burning, etc. .

diabetes diagnosis

Correct diagnosis in type II diabetes put through a battery of tests that measure blood glucose levels in the morning on an empty stomach . If the results are inconclusive and may be oral glucose tolerance test .

Once diabetes is diagnosed , the patient must monitor their blood sugar at home alone , with a glucotest . For those who have type I, measurements are 10-20 times a week or 3 times a day and for people with diabetes mellitus type II is sufficient to calibrate blood sugar once a day. At one time , pProvision glycosylated hemoglobin determination , we show that glucose was variation in the last 3 months. Depending on this value will change diabetes treatment regimen .

Complications of diabetes
Untreated, diabetes can give acute and chronic complications . Acute complications can often be fatal and are the hyperglycaemic coma or hypoglycemia .

Chronic complications can cause significant degradation of the quality of life and are:

- Sexual Dysfunction
- Changes in skin
- Dental disease
- Retinopathy (damage to the retina and vision implicit )
- Neuropathy ( nerve damage )
- Nephropathy ( kidney damage to chronic renal failure )
- Coronary artery disease
- Peripheral vascular disease
- impaired cerebrovascular atherosclerotic

 diabetes
Prevention of diabetes complications is by following a strict diet ( low in sugar and fat ) , periodic monitoring of blood glucose and insulin medication compliance or oral agents .

Treatment of diabetes
In Type I diabetes is important to follow the treatment with insulin that is injected either automatic insulin pump , either periodically by the patient , in various areas of the body . Insulin is injected only in adipose tissue in the abdomen , arms (upper and externally ) , buttocks and thighs (external ) . Preferably , to change the injection site , otherwise some depressions occur due to the action of insulin on the tissue.

In type II diabetes can be administered oral agents , and if they do not work you can also use insulin.

Drug treatment must be supported by strict observance of hygienic-dietary regime . A diabetic should have a diversified diet with three meals a day and two snacks between meals. Sugar easily be excluded permanently from the diet and foods are recommended to be weighed . Compliance regime will allow the diabetic to continue life as normal people . Currently , there are shops sweets for diabetics that do not contain glucose and can be eaten without restriction. Periodically, diabetic disease through checkups need to quantify the doctor : diabetologist , neurologist , ophthalmologist, who will determine the medication .

Must consider the time of complications and their treatment , as very unpleasant consequences : amputation of a limb or limb entirely , decreased vision that can reach blinding disorders that can cause sensitivity or an inability to feel pain , etc. . So our advice is to not ignore diabetes, follow the recommended regimen and regularly go to the doctor for evaluation.

Notes Bibliography :

January . " Clinical Diabetology ," Mariana Graur , Lithography UMF 1999
Two . " Diabetes A to Z " Romanian Association of Diabetes
Three . "Treatise of Human Physiology , 11th edition " , Arthur C. Guyton , John E. Hall, Callistro Medical Publishing , 2007

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